Voice over IP, or VoIP, describes the transmission of voice data via the Internet instead of using classic telephone networks (PSTN or ISDN). The Internet protocol used for this purpose, IP for short (Internet Protocol), was initially designed only for switching data packets in computer networks, but was then adapted to the data packet-based transmission of voice information. It is possible to communicate via VoIP using a computer, tablet or smartphone with Internet access.
Voice over IP is voice communication via the Internet Protocol and is also described as IP telephony or Internet telephony. IP connections are connected to the broadband and thus allow telecommunication via the Internet connection. In doing so, IP telephony allows data and telephone calls to be made over the same network. Using IP telephony requires a fast and stable broadband Internet connection for good voice quality. With IP telephony, the telephones are connected into the DSL router or a VoIP-capable cable modem.
For technical reasons, the voice is transmitted over the Internet in the form of data packets.
Internet telephony can be divided into three basic processes: Connection setup, call transfer, connection termination. The “Session Initiation Protocol” (SIP) is used to establish and terminate connections, which enables VoIP components to be integrated across manufacturers. In SIP-based systems, each subscriber has its own SIP address. Individual digital data packets are transmitted for call transfer, for which the acoustic signals recorded in analog form by a microphone must be converted into analog electrical signals.
These are then digitized, divided into numerous packets and sent over a public or private network.
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